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AP U.S. History 1.1 Period 7: 1890–1945 291 Views


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AP U.S. History 1.1 Period 7: 1890–1945. The Clayton Antitrust Act marked a new period in American labor relations because it...what?

Language:
English Language

Transcript

00:00

[ musical flourish ]

00:03

And here's your Shmoop du jour, brought to you by anti-trust acts,

00:06

the silent killer of healthy families.

00:10

All right, give this excerpt a look-see.

00:12

[ mumbles ]

00:14

[ mumbling continues ] All right, and the question:

00:17

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act marked a new

00:19

period in American labor relations because it... what?

00:23

And here are your potential answers.

00:24

[ mumbles ]

00:27

All right. What exactly was the Clayton Anti-Trust Act?

00:31

Well, we see in the excerpt that "the labor of a human being is

00:34

not a commodity or an article of commerce."

00:37

And that labor organizations should not be considered

00:41

"illegal combinations or conspiracies

00:44

in restraint of trade."

00:46

So, basically, people aren't the same as corporations

00:49

and should be able to organize

00:51

and collaborate with one another.

00:53

Hmm. My, how times have changed.

00:55

Let's see which answer best describes this law's impact.

00:58

Well, did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act mark

01:00

a new period in labor relations because it

01:03

B - mandated that corporations negotiate with workers annually?

01:07

Well, actually the bill only created the framework for

01:10

employers and employees to interact. It said nothing

01:12

specific about the negotiations themselves. So it's not B.

01:16

Was the change in labor relations that the Act

01:19

C - forbade companies from hiring children under 16?

01:23

Well, reformers did eventually pass child labor legislation,

01:26

but it wasn't a part of this particular law. So that knocks out C, too.

01:30

Could the shift in labor policies have been that the law

01:33

D - prohibited mergers and acquistions for major corporations?

01:38

Well, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act did, in fact, prohibit mergers

01:41

that would lead to a company having a monopoly,

01:43

but it didn't prohibit mergers of all kinds.

01:45

Sorry, rich Uncle Pennybags. So it can't be D, either.

01:49

That means that the Clayton Anti-Trust Act marked a new

01:52

period in labor relations because it A - clarified that laws

01:55

against cartels did not apply to trade unions.

01:58

In the Sherman Act of 1890, the courts decided that

02:00

the trade unions were a kind of cartel, meaning

02:03

that they worked together at the expense of customers.

02:06

Because of this constraint, workers had almost

02:08

no bargaining power against their employers.

02:11

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act clarified that unions, in fact,

02:13

were not cartels, paving the way for more organized labor.

02:17

So A is the right answer. But remember,

02:19

collective bargaining might not always be the bargain you hoped for.

02:25

[ baby laughs ]

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