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Structure and Arrangement of Atoms Videos 9 videos

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AP Chemistry 2.3 Structure and Arrangement of Atoms 27 Views


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AP Chemistry 2.3 Structure and Arrangement of Atoms. According to VSEPR theory, what is the geometry of the hybrid orbitals on carbon in the molecule represented by the Lewis structure above?

Language:
English Language

Transcript

00:04

Here’s your Shmoop du jour, brought to by bond.

00:07

Ionic bond. [James Bond taking glass of champagne]

00:08

Taken, not shared.

00:10

Consider the following molecule:

00:12

And here's our question…

00:14

According to VSEPR theory, what is the geometry of the hybrid orbitals on carbon in the molecule

00:20

represented by the Lewis structure above?

00:24

Here are our potential answers…

00:28

So what is VSEPR?

00:30

Voracious spies eat pizza regularly? [Man eating pizza slice]

00:33

Very serious elephants pick radishes…. [Elephant eating radishes]

00:35

No, unfortunately it has nothing to do with cool spies and elephants.

00:39

VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion… [Valence and shell meet each other]

00:44

…which is just a fancy way of saying that electrons in a molecule would rather not hang

00:48

around each other.

00:49

So what this question is actually asking is “what shape will put the electrons in this

00:55

molecule as far away from each other as possible?”

00:59

The electrons that we're worried about are the ones in the bonds and lone pairs around [Electrons orbiting in shell]

01:03

the central atom.

01:04

The central atom is exactly what it sounds like-the atom at the creamy center of the

01:09

molecular candy bar. [Girl eating a lollipop]

01:13

To find it, we have to find the atom bonded to the highest number of other atoms.

01:17

In our molecule, the chlorines and oxygen have 1 other atom bonded to them and the carbon

01:22

has 3 other atoms bonded to it.

01:25

So carbon is the central atom of this molecule.

01:30

We then count the number of lone pairs of electrons and bonds on the carbon in the Lewis [Carbon with electron pairs]

01:34

dot structure.

01:35

And…quick count, here…

01:37

There are no lone pairs, which will make Valentine's Day much more tolerable this year… [Man and woman holding hands]

01:42

…there are 2 single bonds…which…eh, there's always the day after Valentine's candy

01:47

sale to look forward to…

01:48

…and there's 1 double bond, which acts the same as a single bond when determining shape.

01:53

What a player.

01:54

Now let’s figure out what shape puts these bonds equally far apart; we don’t want to [Examples of various bonds appear]

01:59

put two bonds far apart from each other just to find out we put them closer to the third

02:04

bond.

02:05

In order to figure this out, let’s pull out some dice. [Dice roll]

02:07

Dice are a good way to visualize shapes with the bonds as far away from each other as possible,

02:12

because dice have a regular geometry.

02:15

Tetra means four…no not Tetris-close your other tab…and Octa means eight. [Person playing tetris]

02:20

This means a tetrahedral shape is one with four sides and an ocatahedral shape has eight

02:26

sides.

02:27

If we look at our four sided die, it has four corners.

02:32

The number of corners on our die is the number of atoms bonded to the central atom of the

02:36

molecule that has that shape.

02:39

Our central carbon is bonded to 3 things, not four, so the shape is not tetrahedral. [electrons appear by central carbon]

02:44

Similarly, if we look at our eight sided die, we can count six corners.

02:50

This means the central atom will have six things bonded to it in an octahedral shape,

02:56

and our molecule only has three.

02:58

So our molecule isn't octahedral.

03:00

This rules out answers A and D Both trigonal planar and trigonal bipyramidal

03:05

look similar and have tri in the name which, as we remember [Girl riding a tricycle]

03:09

from our preschool days of tricycle riding, means three

03:13

However, trigonal BIpyramidal has bi in it, meaning two; there are actually two pyramids [Man riding a bicycle]

03:19

in the shape of this molecule.

03:21

A trigonal bipyramid shape involves bonds to five different atoms, which our carbon

03:25

doesn't have…

03:27

Therefore, the answer must be C. Trigonal Planar.

03:30

It's the most travelled airline of molecules [Trigonal planar aircraft flying]

03:33

everywhere.

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