Microorganisms: Viruses True or False

1. 1. If you inject the genome of Epstein-Barr virus into a cell, it will replicate However, if you take the Epstein-Barr virus genome and treat it with DNAse, an enzyme that degrades DNA, it will not. What kind of genome does Epstein-Barr virus have? -> dsDNA
2. If you inject the nipah virus genome into a cell, it will not replicate. If you co-inject the nipah virus polymerase, it will replicate. Adding DNAses has no effect on the ability of nipah virus to replicate. Based on this evidence, what type of genome does nipah virus have? -> ssRNA (- strand)
3. If you inject the parvovirus genome into a cell, it will not replicate. If you co-inject the parvovirus polymerase, it will replicate. Adding DNAses will also prevent the virus from replicating. Based on this evidence, what type of genome does parvovirus have? -> ssDNA
4. If you inject foot-and-mouth disease virus genome into a cell, it will replicate. Adding RNAses, or enzymes that degrade RNA, will prevent foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. Based on this evidence, what type of genome does foot-and-mouth disease virus have? -> ssRNA (+ strand, retrovirus-like)
5. If you inject mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) genome into a cell, it will not replicate. If you co-inject the MMTV polymerase, it will replicate. Addition of RNAses inhibits replication, though if MMTV genome and polymerase are mixed and incubated prior addition of RNAses, there is no effect. Based on this evidence, what type of genome does MMTV have? -> ssRNA (+ strand, retrovirus-like)
6. Why is there a difference in the effect of RNAse addition in the previous question? -> The MMTV polymerase is a reverse transcriptase, where the RNA genome is converted to a DNA version.
7. What is an example of a gene that a virus would probably NOT encode? -> 18S ribosome subunit
8. If you inject a virusoid into a cell, it will not replicate. Why not? -> Virusoids require a helper virus for replication.
9. Which is NOT a way non-animal viruses infect cells? -> Microinjection
10. Which of the following would suggest that a bacterial toxin comes from a phage? -> Bacteria can grow in cell culture.

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