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Finance: What are the Major Classes of Bonds? 8 Views


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What are the Major Classes of Bonds? Insofar as US dollar denominated bonds go, the primary classes of bonds are: 1) US Treasury Bonds; 2) US Treasury Notes and other US government debt; 3) Investment Grade Corporate Bonds (BBB- or higher); 4) High Yield (aka Junk) bonds (CCC+ or lower); 5) Mortgage Bonds, 6) Sovereign Bonds of other countries; 7) Municipal Bonds (issued by states, cities, and other municipalities). Non-US dollar bonds may incorporate combinations of the above as well as intangibles and assets not recognized under US GAAP accounting rules.

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Transcript

00:00

Finance a la shmoop what are the major classes of bonds? well there's world

00:08

history advanced trig intro to growing a moustache but of course that's just for [Books appear on table]

00:14

college bound bonds who are trying to impress the top tier universities well

00:18

in terms of bond classes in the real world there are so many flavors to

00:23

choose from first we've got senior obligation bonds [Man walking in street and senior obligation bond appears]

00:26

and these guys aren't cranky or gray-haired they are the first type of

00:30

bonds that a company would have to pay if they went bankrupt they're often

00:33

considered the most secure types of bonds for just that reason so they pay [Senior obligation bond stamped with most secure]

00:37

less interest then there are junior obligation bonds which are slightly less

00:42

secure than senior bonds so they've paid a little bit more rent on the money if a

00:47

company declares bankruptcy the juniors are paid after the seniors duh...

00:50

sophomores, freshmen get behind them asset-backed bonds are a different thing

00:55

and they're backed by the assets a company has for example an airline might [Plane landing on runway]

01:00

guarantee its bonds via the airplanes it owns if it owns them all right moving on

01:05

then we have debentures which are backed only by the creditworthiness of the

01:09

company so basically the company is just handing you an IOU and promising to pay [People shaking hands]

01:14

you back with a handshake trust us yeah sure so debentures have to pay

01:18

even more interest and if the company messes up and can't pay you back well

01:22

too bad cupcake the only comfort you would have in that situation is that the

01:26

company's credit would be wrecked forever if they couldn't pay their [Miley Cyrus swinging on wrecking ball]

01:30

debentures or other forms of bonds at the end of the CEOs career and pretty

01:34

much all the management and so on so they would really hate to go bankrupt yet

01:37

with the debenture yeah and that that all might be cold comfort to you though

01:41

especially if your investments were the ones wiped out by them not paying their [Woman appears at office desk]

01:45

debentures and well then you can't pay your utility bill all right moving on

01:49

convertible bonds like their name suggests can be converted usually into

01:55

common stock at a given price to the given time period you can make a tidy

01:59

profit converting bonds into stocks if a company suddenly starts to do well and

02:03

stock prices really increase like we had $1,000 per bond convertible into 20 [1,000 dollar par bond appears]

02:08

shares of stock well when the stocks only at 10 bucks that's not

02:12

very attractive but if that stock went to $50 it'd be like break-even if I went

02:17

to $100 while the bond converts and you'd double your money there...

02:20

all right well finally there are zero

02:23

coupon bonds which don't pay you anything until the very end you buy them

02:28

at a big discount like six hundred twelve dollars and then they pay par

02:32

a thousand dollars like ten years later once they reach maturity they pay back

02:36

what you invested plus all the interest that is built up in one chunk... think

02:41

high school dating the problem is that some companies have a hard time paying [Man stood beside vault of cash]

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back all these payments at once and you get no interest payment along the way

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with a zero coupon bond so they tend to pay even more interest which is good for

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the person lending the money assuming that they actually get paid back their [Interest money transfers from borrower to lender]

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interest in principal at the end of the zero coupon right well some company set

03:02

up special funds like bond sinking fund equivalents so that well they have [Cash falling]

03:06

enough money at the end to pay back their bonds once those bonds reach maturity

03:11

unlike the writers here at Shmoop you know the maturity thing will never

03:14

happen [Shmoop worker using PC]

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